Sandeepsharma, in the US, the DSM is actually used as the go to, bible so to speak by psychiatrists that treat psychiatric disorders. It guides how to diagnose, criteria to use and psychiatrists use it readily. It's updated as things evolve. Bipolar has evolved from where it was in the original DSM to where it is in today's DSM 5. The 5 stands for 5 updated volumes with the way things are done currently. I am not sure why you asked your question, but speak to your psychiatrist directly about this if you or if a loved one of yours is wondering if they have bipolar or it is being suggested by a doctor. The way bipolar is treated medically has also evolved over the years. There are more and better therapeutic options than previously. The fact that the psychiatric information evolves over time is a good thing. It helps doctors better diagnose and treat their patients. Good luck to you.
So bipolar has evolved to where it is now. A psychiatrist diagnoses it and there are FOUR different types that they now diagnose you as. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324437 This article goes through the four different types but there are many sites that you can find information about this from. The four types are:
1. Bipolar 1. This is when people have mania that lasts at least 7 days. Often they also have episodes of depression that lasts at least 2 weeks but you do not have to have the depression component to be diagnosed with Bipolar 1. Hypomania (severe mania) predominates this diagnosis.
2. Bipolar 2. This is the type of bipolar that has BOTH mania and depression that cycles. Mania is usually less severe than bipolar 1.
3. cyclothymic disorder. This type of bipolar diagnosis is given to adults who have some mania and depression for at least 2 years in adults, 1 year in children but don't meet the full criteria of wholly manic diagnosis or depression diagnosis.
4. Other cause bipolar. This is when the bipolar symptoms are caused by other things such as drug addiction, medical condition or alcohol abuse.
Bipolar 1 and 2 are most common. Here's some information that is easy to read on that. https://www.healthline.com/health/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-1-vs-bipolar-2
My good friend was diagnosed with bipolar 2 a year ago. And her sister was diagnosed with Bipolar 1. Interesting, they were both diagnosed about a month apart. Knowing them both, it made complete sense.
As to what causes bipolar, any of the 4 types, doctors don't really know. They theorize abnormalities in the physical characteristics of the brain and/or chemical imbalance of the brain. Usually a psychiatrist diagnoses this and determines your subtype of bipolar. Medication and psychotherapy is usually used to treat bipolar. My friend enjoys the sensation of mania and hates medicine. She often stops it and then starts the cycle all over. This is very common in bipolar patients. Staying in treatment is really important.
Let me know if you have any other questions!
There is only one true bipolar and several that are just ways depression is manifested and are not true bipolar. Bipolar is mostly known by extreme mood swings from deep depression to manic phases with intense energy, productivity, and really extreme behavior. Don't think anyone knows the cause. The other types are pretty random, defined more to sell drugs than to really expand our understanding of depression. True bipolar, which used to be called manic depressive disorder, is a psychosis and can only be treated with medication. It is not curable. The others, being forms of depression, could theoretically and hopefully be cured by time, therapy, lifestyle changes, and the like.