Your mother's risk of accelerated cataract progression post-vitrectomy is very high (probably a sure thing.) Her risk of RD is about 3%-5% (depending on which study provides the statistics.)
It all depends on what you mean by severely limiting her vision. If there is really a very large clump of floaters that has been present for a few years with no improvement and the vision is decreased on the eyechart significantly, and there is a reasonable expectation that the surgery will help, then it can definitely be considered. She has seen two reputable retinal specialists at different practices, I hope and if both agree, then, again I think it is definitely worth considering the surgery. I don't do retinal surgery so I cannot give you risk ratios off the top of my head for vitrectomy, but I put a lot of trust in the retinal surgeon I utilize. You really need to address these questions to your retinal surgeon. A general infection rate after vitrectomy has been placed at 0.07% in one study but there are other possible problems that can occur such as retinal detachment, macular edema, and cataract formation.
Michael Kutryb, MD
Kutryb Eye Institute
Titusville, FL
Edgewater, FL
There is a Dr. in London with a good website which describes causes of floaters, types of floaters and treatment risks. If you Google " Alistair Laidlaw Eye Surgery" you will find it.