So first, if you test too soon, you could get a false positive because the test could still react to dead bacteria from the antibiotic. That's why they usually tell you to wait a few weeks if they want to do a test of cure.
It's possible you just have lingering symptoms, or you could have another infection. It doesn't sound as if you were tested for mycoplasma genitalium.
https://www.self.com/story/mycoplasma-genitalium
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-permits-marketing-first-test-aid-diagnosis-sexually-transmitted-infection-known-mycoplasma
https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/emerging.htm
It's a newer STD, and one that you should talk to your doctor about. You can print out that info and show it to your doc, or email it to him.
How did your partner test negative? I don't know. Perhaps she was on an antibiotic and got a false negative, or you had it from a previous partner, although it would be odd that you suddenly got symptoms. Perhaps she isn't being truthful. Obviously, we can't answer those questions.
Wait until your next appointment, and if your symptoms aren't cleared up, ask about MG.
Let us know what happens.