There are a whole bunch of different names. I think adenoma and nodule are interchangeable names. They all mean the same thing. Toxic nodule, toxic adenoma, hyperfunctioning adenoma, autonomous nodule.
It is a group of thyroid cells (tumor-Dr.s usually don't use that word) that refuses to be controlled by TSH. The adenoma just keeps on making more T4 & T3 even though your TSH is undetectable. It causes clinical hyperthyroid symptoms and thyrotoxicosis. TPO, TSI, & TRab anti-body tests are usually all negative. Ultrasound would show one or more areas of nodules or cysts. RAI uptake is usually high. RAI scan will show a hot area and the remaining thyroid tissue suppressed. The scan could also show cold areas if the nodule has hemorraged into itself.
I think I should print me one of those Internet Endocrinologist diplomas!
I'm bumping this up. Your story scares the bejeeebers out of me! I'm 8 months post RAI for toxic adenoma. Jeesh, hope mine doesn't come back!