Too much albumin in your urine is a concern (it might or might not be an indication of kidney damage, repeat testing's indicated).
Please visit a doctor, remark on the earlier too much albumin test result and get yourself tested for diabetes (a fasting urine test is the custom, eg. a mid-stream sample taken before you have any nutrition first thing in the morning). Untreated diabetes can lead to assorted organ damage including kidneys. Treatment might be as simple as improved diet along with more activity, but sometimes meds are needed to help bring it under control.
An HbA1C blood test or a glucose test would confirm whether you have diabetes or prediabetes. Glucose will only show in the urine if it over a specific amount
The symptoms of burning or having a difficulty to urinate, or pain when urinating can be caused by a bladder infection, a urinary tract infection (which could also cause pain in the kidney area), kidney stones.
The protein that showed up in the urine specimen would mean that you have an infection.
Going a lot to empty your bladder (especially if you have not been drinking a lot), could be a sign of diabetes, urinary infection or an enlarged prostate.
If you experience of the symptoms, you should make an appointment to see your doctor and also take a morning mid stream urine sample for analysis at the laboratory. The doctor can also do a dip stick test at the surgery that would show if you have any bladder, urinary infection, only diabetes if the levels were high.
Having an enlarged prostate gland does not mean it is cancerous, but it still needs checking if you experience urges to urinate and then notice that the urine does not come out properly. The doctor can check your prostate at the appointment and can also order a blood test to check your PSA levels. If these levels are high, that could be indicative of prostate cancer.
There is no point discussing your questions about diabetes, because you do not know at this stage whether you have diabetes or not. To find out, you need to have a glucose test when you have fasted. Your doctor can order an HbA1C blood test that shows the average blood glucose levels in the blood over a period of 9-12 weeks. The red corpuscles get renewed in that time period and the glucose sticks to the old blood cells.
Having diabetes is not a death-sentence. But life style changes need to be made with regard to diet and exercise.