It seems like your medical issue is not so much the virus (which you yourself at the time knew the correct information about) as it is whatever caused you to "spiral." Anxiety is a health issue all by itself.
People will often write in describing panic about a health issue using a tone of that suggests their panic is normal or immutable. But it's not inevitable, you don't have to "spiral" about things that don't merit worry. Reacting anxiously is a habit that you can learn to manage. My suggestion is to ask your doctor for a referral to a counselor who deals with anxiety or medical anxiety, so you can learn some tools to deal with the anxiety reactions you have.
While the virus does adhere to certain surfaces, the time it does differs depending on the surface, and there are no known cases if what I'm hearing is true of it spreading this way. Almost always it has spread the same way the flu does, by being in contact with someone who has it. Mostly by cough or sneezing or just close contact. So the surface thing is so far theoretical, again as far as I know. By the time you get to eating your food most likely the virus has either died or gotten too weak to infect you whether you wash your food or not. Now, I personally don't use soap on my food, I can't imagine destroying the flavor that way, but I also don't eat food I just bought. I either wait a couple of days or the food is cooked, destroying the virus. This isn't something to worry about. The fact is, the virus is around, maybe we're all going to get it and most of us won't even know it and maybe we won't, but adding anxiety to it will just make the whole thing worse. Peace.
I'm going to go out on a limb and say this is unlikely. It does spread from surfaces but this is much more of an airborne virus. And washing fruit with something splashing up on you sounds really hard to imagine. All we can do is the best we can do and you were washing fruit. Personally I'd not worry about this.
It is a novel virus so we learn more about it each day.
Soap destroys the spiky part of the virus (I presume you have seen a picture of it with the spikes sticking out) that are necessary for it to adhere and water then is able to mechanically move the virus away from your skin. The spikes are why this virus is so infectious, but it can't adhere without them so it seems you are ok. One expert said if you can't get soap but want to wash, just mechanical washing action (your hands rubbing against each other with the water running to move whatever you dislodged away from your hands) might be good enough, but for sure keep using soap to be sure.
So I wouldn't worry about soap splash, considering how many known methods of transmission of it occur all day long, yet somehow China with massive numbers of infected people a month ago has basically ridded themselves of this virus a week ago, just by social distancing and washing. Did it get into your eyes or lips?