Best wishes and have a great Xmas and a healthy new year 2014. :)
The doctor will only give an antibiotic for a bacterial infection.
Antibiotics do not work on viral infections.
Having a flu shot does not give you immunity to all the viruses that cause flu. The flu shot consists of immunity to about 3 viruses that could be prevalent in that season. In the UK the flu shot also consists of immunity to the swine flu, and that is in the flu shots that you get every year.
It does sound very much like you have a head cold that is affecting your sinuses and congesting your Eustachian tube.
To help yourself to relieve these symptoms do steam inhalations.
Get a large bowl and pour in a kettleful of boiling water. Take care not to get scalded. Put some vick or olbas oil or your preferred menthol oil. Bend you head over the bowl and cover your head and the bowl with a towel and breathe in the steam through your nose. Do this 4 times a day for a duration of 10 minutes each time. This will help to unblock the congestion that is causing you the headaches and ear problems.
Drink plenty of warm drinks, honey and freshly squeezed lemon ijuice s nice and soothing and you also get vitamin C from the lemon. Avoid milk products while you are unwell as this encourages formation of mucus.
If your symptoms do get worse and you start to bring up discoloured phlegm with or without a raised temperature, then do make an appointment again with the doctor.