Hi Iworrylots:
The ratio of transmitting via female to male is a lot harder from male to female, it doesn't not mean you should go out there and have unprotected sex whenever you feel like, be safe. If you are still concern you can take a test, 3 months is the norm as stated by CDC. ARS starts within a week of exposure, since our bodies start producing antibodies within 4-6 weeks of exposure. I believe you can get a confirmation.
Yes you can contracting HIV on your first exposure. ARS if one has it comes on 2-4 weeks post exposure and lasts 1-2 weeks.