Yes, absolutely, be calm. I wouldn't worry about this at all. :)
So if I'm understanding this correctly, during your time with your friend, he was talking, sort of spit (as can happen), and you felt that hit your lip?
If so, this is not a concern. You are correct that something this simple and quick wouldn't transmit hsv1, nor does saliva transmit it.
So...
1 - No.
2 - Yes, usually. Your lips have to come into contact with the virus, and friction from kissing helps the virus get into your body. It's possible that you can transmit HSV1 via sharing drinks, etc. (kids do when they share toys that they put in their mouths - day cares are often a great place for this), but you shouldn't share drinks anyway. That's a great way to spread colds, flus, strep throat, etc.
3 - No.
4 - Yes, and no. Yes, if you get symptoms, that's when it would occur most likely, but not everyone gets symptoms. HOWEVER, remember that you do not have a risk. This is just for your knowledge, because knowledge is power. :) (Knowledge is not for anxiety.)
5 - A test can be considered conclusive after 16 weeks, but if you had a risk for herpes (remember - you don't from this), a good idea would be to test now to find out if you are already infected, and then test later to see if you developed antibodies. This will help determine if it's a new infection, if that's a thing for you. If you do test, ask for a type-specific IgG antibody test. Don't get the IgM - it's unreliable. If a doctor insists on giving you that along with an IgG, just ignore what it says. Most are positive when they should be negative, and vice versa. Other IgM tests for other infections are reliable - herpes is not.
Someone can clarify me, please