You can absolutely have protected sex. The lesions would most certainly appear on tbe penis shaft.
Short answer no. If it has a hair then its not hsv
Yes. Within 10 days you would most likely have had a noticeable outbreak.
Most people have a primary. Some are very mild but when someone is on high alert, they would notice. You can test at 8 weeks as that is a great indicator. Well over 80% would test pos by then.
Your odds of contracting the virus was very low. The fact you didn't have an outbreak within ten days is further evidence you were not infected. Truely asymptomatic infections happen but it's far more likely you would have had symptoms.
All in all i wouldn't be overly concerned but testing at 12 weeks is the propper course of action.