No STD gives you symptoms that quickly. It takes at least 2 days for an infection to give you symptoms, and most times, STD infections in your throat are often asymptomatic (meaning you won't get symptoms). Oral sex on a woman is pretty low risk, and most doctors don't think one encounter of oral sex warrants testing.
If you had symptoms that soon after, perhaps you ate something that you had a reaction to, or she had used a lubrication that you reacted to. Maybe it's allergies to pollen or something - it's that time of year.
If it doesn't stop hurting, see your doctor.